What Is Blank Verse Definition, Examples, Analysis

Blank verse  is  poetry with a consistent meter  but no formal rhyme scheme.  Unlike free verse, blank verse has a measured  beat. In English, the beat is usually iambic pentameter, but other metrical patterns can be used.  From William Shakespeare to Robert Frost, many of the greatest writers in the English language embraced the blank verse form.   Blank verse: Poetry that has a  consistent meter but no formal rhyme scheme.Meter: The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a poem.Free verse: Poetry that does not have a rhyme scheme or a consistent metrical pattern. How to Identify a Blank Verse Poem The basic building block for a blank verse poem is a two-syllable unit called an iamb. Like the ba-BUM of a heartbeat, the syllables alternate between short (unstressed) and long (stressed). Most blank verse in English is  iambic pentameter: five iambs (ten syllables) per line. William Wordsworth (1770-1850) used iambic pentameter in his classic poem,â€Å"Lines Composed a Few  Miles Above Tintern Abbey. Notice the rhythm created by the pattern of  stressed/unstressed syllables in this selection:   Do I behold  these steep  and lofty cliffs However, Wordsworth didnt write the poem entirely in iambics.  Poets sometimes slip in different meters like  spondees  or  dactyls  to soften the beat and add a sense of surprise. These variations can make a blank verse poem hard to recognize. To add to the challenge, word pronunciations change with local dialects: Not all readers hear exactly the same beat.   To distinguish blank verse from free verse, begin by reading the poem aloud. Count the syllables in each line and mark the syllables that have a stronger emphasis. Look for an overall pattern in the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables. Blank verse will show some evidence that the poet has measured the lines to achieve a more or less consistent beat throughout the poem. Origins of Blank Verse English didnt always sound iambic, and the earliest literature from England didnt use orderly patterns of accented syllables. Beowulf (ca. 1000) and other works written in  Old English  relied on  alliteration  rather than meter for dramatic effect. Systematic metrical patterns entered the literary scene during the age of Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400), who wrote in  Middle English. Iambic rhythms echo through Chaucers Canterbury Tales. However, in keeping with the convention of the day, many of the tales are composed of rhyming couplets. Every two lines rhyme.   The idea of writing metered verse without a formal rhyme scheme didnt emerge until the Renaissance. Gian Giorgio Trissino (1478-1550), Giovanni di Bernardo Rucellai (1475-1525),  and other Italian writers began to imitate unrhymed poetry from ancient Greece and Rome. The Italians called their works versi sciolti.  The French also wrote unrhymed verse, which they called  vers blanc. Nobleman and poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, pioneered English blank verse in the 1550s when he translated the second and fourth books of Virgils The Aeneid from Latin.  A few years later, Thomas Norton and Thomas Sackville produced  The Tragedie  of Gorboduc  (1561), a play composed of  very little rhyme and strong iambic pentameter: Such  causeless  wrong  and  so  unjust  despite,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  May  have  redress, or  at  the  least  revenge. Meter was an important tool for dramatizing memorable stories during a time when most people couldnt read. But there was a tedious sameness to the iambic beat in  The Tragedie of Gorboduc  and other early blank verse. Playwright Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593) energized the form by using dialog, enjambment, and other rhetorical devices. His play The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus  combined colloquial speech with lyrical language, rich assonance, alliteration, and references to Classical literature. Published in 1604, the play contains  Marlowes often-quoted lines: Was this the face that launched a thousand ships,And burnt the topless towers of Ilium?Sweet Helen, make me immortal with a kiss:Her lips sucks forth my soul, see where it flies! Marlowes contemporary  William Shakespeare  (1564-1616)  developed a range of techniques to disguise the tick-tock rhythm of iambic pentameter. In his  famous soliloquy from Hamlet, some lines contain eleven syllables instead of ten. Many lines end with a  softer (feminine) unstressed syllable.  Colons, question marks, and other sentence endings create rhythmical pauses (known as caesura) midway through lines. Try to identify the stressed syllables in these lines from Hamlets soliloquy: To be, or not to be: that is the question:Whether tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them? To die: to sleep... The Rise of Blank Verse Poetry During the age of Shakespeare and Marlowe, English blank verse belonged mainly to the realm of the theater. Shakespeares sonnets  followed conventional rhyme schemes. In the mid-1600s, however, John Milton  (1608–1674) rejected rhyme as but the invention of a barbarous age  and promoted the use of blank verse for nondramatic works. His epic poem  Paradise Lost  contains  10,000 lines in iambic pentameter.  To preserve the rhythm, Milton shortened words, eliminating syllables. Notice the abbreviation of wandering in his description of Adam and Eve leaving paradise: The world was all before them, where to chooseTheir place of rest, and providence their guide:They hand in hand with wandring steps and slow,Through Eden took their solitary way. Blank verse fell from favor after Milton died, but  in the late 1700s a new generation of poets explored ways to integrate natural speech with musicality. Blank verse offered more possibilities than verse with formal rhyme schemes. Poets could write stanzas in any length, some long, some short. Poets could  follow the flow of ideas and use no stanza breaks at all. Flexible and adaptable, blank verse became the standard for poetry written in the English language. Other masterpieces of blank verse poetry include Frost at Midnight  (1798) by Samuel Taylor Coleridge,Hyperion (1820) by John Keats,  and The Second Coming  (1919) by W.B. Yeats. Modern Examples of Blank Verse Modernism brought revolutionary approaches to writing. Most 20th  century poets turned to free verse. Formalists who still wrote in blank verse experimented with new rhythms, fragmented lines, enjambment, and colloquial vocabulary.   â€Å"Home Burial† by Robert Frost  (1874-1963)  is a narrative with dialog, interruptions, and outcries. Although most of the lines are iambic, Frost shattered the meter midway through the poem. The indented words Dont, dont, dont, dont are equally stressed. There are three stones of slate and one of marble,Broad-shouldered little slabs there in the sunlightOn the sidehill. We haven’t to mind those.But I understand: it is not the stones,But the child’s mound—’‘Don’t, don’t, don’t, don’t,’ she cried.She withdrew shrinking from beneath his armThat rested on the banister, and slid downstairs... Robert Graves  (1895-1985)  used similar strategies for  Welsh Incident.  The whimsical  poem is  a dialog between two speakers. With casual language and ragged lines, the poem resembles free verse. Yet the lines lilt with iambic meter:   ‘But that was nothing to what things came outFrom the sea-caves of Criccieth yonder.’‘What were they? Mermaids? dragons? ghosts?’‘Nothing at all of any things like that.’‘What were they, then?’‘All sorts of queer things... Blank Verse and Hip-Hop Rap music  by hip-hop artists draws from African folk songs, jazz, and blues. The lyrics are filled  with  rhyme and near-rhyme.  There are no set rules for line lengths or metrical patterns. In contrast,  blank verse emerged from European literary traditions. While the meter can vary, theres an overall regularity to the beat. Moreover, blank verse  poems rarely use end rhymes.   Nevertheless, blank verse and rap music share the same iambic rhythms. The  Hip-Hop Shakespeare Group  performs rap versions of Shakespeare plays. Hip-hop musician  Jay-Z celebrates the poetic qualities of rap music in his memoir and lyric collection,  Decoded  (view on Amazon).   Compare  the line by Wordsworth quoted at the top of this page with  this line from Jay-Zs rap song, Coming of Age: I  see  his  hunger  pains, I  know  his  blood  boils Rap music is not written exclusively in blank verse, but teachers often include hip-hop in the curriculum to illustrate the continued relevance of Shakespeare and other writers from the blank verse tradition.   Sources The Hip-Hop Shakespeare Company.  http://www.hiphopshakespeare.com/​  McWhorter, John. Americans Have Never Loved Poetry More—But They Call It Rap. Daily Beast. 29 June 2014. https://www.thedailybeast.com/americans-have-never-loved-poetry-morebut-they-call-it-rap.  Ã‚  Richards-Gustafson, Flora. Steps for Identifying the Types of Meter in Poetry.  http://education.seattlepi.com/steps-identifying-types-meter-poetry-5039.html.  Shaw, Robert B. Blank Verse: A Guide to Its History and Use.  Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 2007Smith, Nadine. How to Write Blank Verse in the Iambic Pentameter.  Ã‚  https://penandthepad.com/write-blank-verse-iambic-pentameter-8312397.html.  University of Northern Iowa. Blank Verse.  Craft of Poetry, a Fall 2001 course taught by Vince Gotera.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹https://uni.edu/~gotera/CraftOfPoetry/blankverse.html.

Using A Similar Deign And Mcdermott s False Memory...

The current experiment used a similar deign as Roediger and McDermott’s (1995) false memory experiment. In this 2x2 mixed factorial designed experiment, memory was tested using a word list that was either blocked by five critical words on a particular subject or randomized. Participants were university college students who participated for course credit. There was a significant difference in false memory when the blocked vs. random lists were compared to examine which had more words remembered. The participants who were randomly assigned to the blocked list recalled more words to include actual words and the critical words when compared to those randomly placed in the random word condition. The results revealed that using the blocked lists better facilitated the actual memory and recalled more critical words/false memories. Memory has been a subject of study to see if what we remember is a true memory or a false memory. Some of the studies conducted on this have used sentences, prose, films and slides to test the memory and find out if the individual can recall the actual story or have false memories about what they experienced (Roediger III McDermott, 1995, p. 803). The problem arises when eyewitnesses recall information about an event but proves to be false. Roediger, Jacoby and McDermott state that when you test the memory you are not just testing the retention of that event, you are also changing how the individual retains that particular event in the future.

Natural Resources and Energy Paper Free Essays

Natural Resources and Energy Paper Spechelle Jones, Cherrie Chicaletto, Robert Hernandez, Jamie Hughes SCI/256 October 13th, 2010 The world is growing at a rate of speed of 2. 8 people per second and losing 1. 6 acres of land per second in accordance with an article last month titled Environmental Impacts from Unsustainable Population Growth on the World Population Awareness website. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Resources and Energy Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now World Population Awareness is an organization concerned with recent problems of as well as solution ideas to popular global warming theories caused directly by overpopulation of the world. (World, 2010). In addition to all natural resources on this planet fading away, there is an ever growing apprehension with the number of species of wildlife and the respective habitats of each. All over the world, nature preservation parks have been constructed just so a small group of people can be accountable to enforce certain guidelines for that preserve which support and ensure safety of life within that area. With more and more natural resources required to maintain our â€Å"natural† function of life, it is inevitable that the natural resources will run out sometime. It is only a question of when. E. O. Wilson said, â€Å"The one process ongoing †¦ that will take millions of years to correct is the loss of genetic and species diversity by the destruction of natural habitats. This is the folly our descendants are least likely to forgive us. † This theory has been the fuel for the modern â€Å"Go Green† campaign. Individuals everywhere have formed organizations promoting new resources that do not compromise the state of our planet. Ideas are being televised worldwide to educate people and suggest new ways of heating our homes or washing our clothes with a new detergent. With this in mind, it could only be a matter of time before the government requires everyone to follow certain procedures for the disposal of waste or building a house. Suddenly, it just does not seem so important anymore that the government may be infringing on our rights as an American citizen to force regulatory guidelines. Taking the place of this common concern, is a universal interest and effort to save our planet for the sake of our children. Renewable forest resources are declining due the increased use of nonrenewable forest resources. Coal and natural gas are two examples of nonrenewable forest resources. These resources are nonrenewable because they cannot be recycled. The high abundance of coal and natural gas hit its peak one hundred years ago, after sitting under the earth for more than an estimated one million years. The supply of coal and natural gas is nearly gone due to excessive use of the resources in the past century. The coal and natural gas is not renewable; these resources are causing pollution to the ocean and all waters alike. Extracting natural gas and oil from forests for energy source is convenient to humans, but the environment is suffering as well as the natural resources that are part of the local ecosystem of the forest. The forest resources were so abundant; however the transformation to these natural lands is irreversible. The forests can provide natural resources for centuries to come (Derr, 2007). Proper management of these resources is necessary for renewable forest resources. Water, air and paper are all examples of renewable forest resources. However, once these resources are polluted by the other resources; it is much more difficult to recycle them. In many cases, it is just too late to recycle those items because of the high amount of pollutant they had sustained. Carbon Dioxide is recycled into clean oxygen by plants and trees. Since many trees are being cut down and burned, more charcoal is being produced; which is a nonrenewable resource. The trees are being cut down, which can leave renewable forest resources. However, many of the trees in these big forests have been growing for thousands of years. The strength and power of these trees is impossible to regain. The trees have been putting clean oxygen into the air for thousands of years. New trees begin growing each year with the seeds from those who were cut down. None of those trees will have near the amount of power and/or shelter important to the surrounding ecosystem like those who had been growing for hundreds of years. It is vital to the local ecosystem of the forests that the trees remain. Animals do not want paper for shelter, nor can paper produce clean air to breath. It is important that the natural resources be taken care of, too much of the natural resources are depleting too quickly. References Derr, A. (2007). RENEWABLE RESOURCES. Boys’ Life, 97(3), 38. Retrieved from MasterFILE Premier database. World Population Awareness. (2010). Environmental Impacts from Unsustainable Population Growth. Retrieved from Google at http://www. overpopulation. org/impact. html. How to cite Natural Resources and Energy Paper, Papers Natural Resources and Energy Paper Free Essays Natural ecosystem is a natural unit consisting of all plants, animals, and microorganism in an area functioning together with all the non-living physical of the environment which plants and animals are dependent upon one another, and their particular surroundings-for survival. Natural ecosystems make up the planet on which we live as well as the entire universe. They are dynamic and interconnected. We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Resources and Energy Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now An ecosystem is a collection of all plants, animals, microorganisms, bacterium, and fungus as well as the non-living components that function together as one unit in a given area (The Ontario Plan, 2011). Living and non-living things intertwine with each other in a natural ecosystem. San Diego’s wetland is an example of a natural ecosystem. In this paper it will discuss about the effects that a growing human population may have impacted on San Diego’s wetland’s resources, including loss or harm to populations of wild species. It would also discuss one management practice for sustainability and conservation of natural resources. Also to identify the risks and benefits of extracting or using one resource from this ecosystem, or in any areas near this ecosystem. Effects of Human Population Coastal Wetlands are one of many endangered habitat in the world, only next to tropical rain forests. It is said that in the United States there are estimated more than 50% of wetlands have been severely altered or destroyed. San Diego wetland is the most threatened resource on the California coast. By 1900, wetlands have been affected by human activities. Wetlands everywhere have been filled in for human developments such as housing, industrial plants, and airport. They have been dredge for use as canals, waterways, and marinas. Highways are over the streamside canyons and cut right through coastal marshes, causing habitat fragmentation (Sea World, 2002). Loss and harm to population of wild species Between 1990 and 2000 wetland loss was approximately 24 square miles per year, which is one football field lost every 38 minutes. The loss over the next 50 years with current restoration efforts is expected to be 500 square miles. Human activities cause wetland degradation and loss by changing water quality, quantity, or flow rates resulting increasing pollution and change the makeup of species within a habitat. These changes occur when wetland ecosystems are disturbed or non-native species are introduced to a habitat. Wetland plants can suffer as a result of both pollution and hydrologic changes. Other ways wetland plants can be damaged are cattle and other livestock grazing, introduction of non-native plants that compete with native plants and removal of plants to use land for other human development. Management for sustainability and conservation In the 1970s and 80s state and federal agencies, together with many private conservation groups, spent millions of dollars to purchase San Diego County wetlands to establish wildlife preserves. As a result, most of the county’s wetlands are publicly owned. This has largely stopped the filling, dredging, and other direct destruction of the wetlands, but they are still suffering from the erosion and sedimentation caused by upstream development. The City of San Diego has recently restored seven acres of salt marsh on the north end of Mission Bay, which expands the wetlands of Mission Bay Northern Wildlife Preserve. The Southern California Wetlands Recovery Project aims to acquire more than 1,500 acres, and to restore or enhance more than 500. In San Diego County the Project includes 20 acres of restored salt marsh in the Tijuana River Estuary (Sea World, 2002). Nonrenewable and renewable energy Oil and coal are currently the most used forms of nonrenewable energy. Coal is a combustible material that comes from the earth. It is obtained from mining and is the most difficult resource to get. Oil is another combustible energy obtained from drilling, although unlike coal, once the hole is drilled the oil can be pumped out of the hole. This makes it easier and more cost effective to gather oil then coal (Oracle ThinkQuest, 2011). No risk or benefit found by extracting or using a nonrenewable type of resources. Renewable energy is energy that automatically replenishes itself from ongoing natural processes. For example, sunshine, wind, flowing water, biological processes, and geothermal heat flows are creators of usable renewable energy (Oracle ThinkQuest, 2011). Wetlands cannot use any of none or renewable energy because wetlands are very sensitive that anything alien expose or introduce to it would lead fragmentation or even damage. View as multi-pages How to cite Natural Resources and Energy Paper, Papers

Negotiation Process Management

Question: Examine and evaluate the key areas and features that governments should focus on during their negotiation process and in the drafting of contracts with the International Oil Companies. Answer: Introduction This study focus on the discovery of oil as well as gas companies and understanding the technical, commercial as well as legal aspects as far as field development is concerned. Further, this study gave a detailed investigation of various negotiation issues and how it can be resolved with the help of lawyers for legal matters and professionals (Cramb, 2013). Various contracts are drafted so that the negotiation becomes easy and some of these are licensing, joint venture and service agreements. Several issues were faced by the government in order to select an eligible team for the purpose of negotiation. The landowners who are affected in the indigenous communities mostly demand for compensation on the basis of usage as well as disturbance that was caused to their property. Oil companies are forced to make certain commitments to engage in domestic labor so as to solve the social issues. For the complex matters, experts are hired, engineer for the purpose of technical knowledge, and lawyer for the purpose of legal knowledge (Dale, Osegowitsch and Collinson, 2014). Most of the contract of oil companies has proved to be connected with the negotiation. A negotiator who is efficient knows that every solution leads to an element and it is considered in a more focused way. There are further many issues that need proper attention and this includes exploration cost, as well as development in the market conditions. Time is an important factor that helps in achieving the return of a desired country. The economic as well as societal cost is kept lower so that it is minimized in order to view at the environmental damage caused to the organization. Therefore, it actually means the various political as well as corporate issues that need attention as such to eliminate the risk factors caused by the oil companies. Selection of negotiation team by the government The government faces an issue on selecting an eligible team who can carry out the negotiation issues effectively. In order to select the desired team, it is first essential to understand the basic demands that are required in the job. Negotiation is that issue that actually hosts the various elements in order to come up with corporate strategy (Habiger and Beroza, 2015). The negotiable factors include compensation that is demanded in the creation of an effective plan. On the other hand, non negotiable factors include regulatory matters that directly concern the investors as far as oil companies are concerned. It is often noticed that investors believes in legal stability so as to avoid the political issues, societal issues in order to handle the resources effectively. Conflict as well as development challenges are taken into consideration so as to avoid that will help in prevailing the natural resources for the same. Profit maximization is the only motive of all oil companies that operates in most of the zones of conflict, believes in preparation of skilled as well as financed based negotiations. It is often noticed that stability occurs when government is able to compensate regarding any laws, rules as well as regulation on the basis of overall nation. Another issues that need to be resolved is the conflict between the public as well as private in specified oil contract that includes instability of the business enterprise. Time Horizon As far as oil contract negotiation is concerned, negotiations are completely dependent on time that includes current market situations (Jayachandran et al. 2013). Certain expectations should find ways in the contract because it will help in anticipating the oil price on the basis of change in demand. For instance, the Norway government took initiative in order to entice the oil companies with a desirable tax regime that includes ten percent of royalty as well as license fee. Further, there was no mortgage allowed by the Norway government for the sake of companys future, rather it got double the rate in royalty with eighteen percent in three years of time frame. It is therefore, not possible to implement any plans without prior permission from the government, so the rules that are needed to be followed often get delayed because of the time constraints. Professional lawyers are hired so that they can solve the negotiation issues and come up with innovative plans that can help the oil c ompanies to achieve success in the near future. Setting of the ParametersInformation Environment Transparency helps in achieving overall public acceptance as far as contract is concerned. It helps in allowing the civil society to form the informal mechanism to have a check on the balances with the formal mechanism (Kelland, 2014). Transparency proves to be only way that can help to dispel at the greed as well as corruption level related to the oil contracts. Transparency is not a revolutionary concept; rather it is more risky than, as well as it has a steady acceptance of relevant principles. Transparency helps to prevent the officials such as government in order to agree the terms that can politically accept the issues, and will not be subject to criticism of any attack. Contractual Form: The government generally finds difficulty to select the contractual system that basically helps in particular license agreement, joint venture, and service agreement. Each agreement includes number of pros and cons and these are explained below with proper justification: Agreements on licensing helps or grants the oil companies to sell, develop, explore as well as export the extraction of oil in a particular area (Killing, 2012). It has made the company to receive the exclusive development as well as rights on production for a specified period of time frame. Basically, licenses are considered to be risk free for the government and it is a serious limitation in the case of expense on the basis of time. In case of bidding process, it does not majorly accept the technical competent as far as bidder is concerned. One of the disadvantages of licenses is that it gives rise to insufficient knowledge regarding the concession area. Companies are responsible to take an account of calculated risk in order to bid the price that will be taken as conservative way with the specific amount offerings. Agreement on production sharing- This agreement includes to recognize the ownership of the concerned oil rest that will affect the citizens of the country, rather the private parties. The host government are responsible to share the profits, but Production sharing agreement further focus more on the finding the linkage with the government to determine to involve in profit making (Klotz and Bolino, 2013). This will help in enforcement of various regulations that will have a positive impact on the environment. PSA (Production Sharing Agreement) have successfully provided the oil companies with a voice that helps in regulatory enforcement on the basis of provisions on contractual issues. Joint ventures take place if two parties are willing to undertake business practices and share the profits in equal ratios. If there is lack in adequate laws by the host countries, then negotiation can be even more intense (Kumar and Rabinovitch, 2013). Joint Venture can help in transfer of skills, technology, as well as expertise to the respective host country. It basically require operation allocation, management of financial risk, and taking adequate responsibilities that will help the government to participate in the exploitation of natural resources. Service agreements- This agreements basically are employed that provides presence in providing payments for different types of tasks as well as services. The contractor mainly receives payment in fixed manner that actually is independent on the basis of oil price. The decisions of the management are basically present in the hands of the government. Issues on oil agreements It is important to separate the negotiable from non negotiable issues as negotiation is considered to be an integral part within the process of most of the oil agreements (Leone and Reichstein, 2012). If there is no proper division of relevant issues, then it will pose difficulty in horse trading that takes place in seeking low compensation in order to maintain state in return. Strict rule are enforced so that the separation can be effectively achieved that will include the environmental standards. A flexible contract will help in the development of system that will include stability clause. Fair outcome Contracts of oil are basically business custom that includes tradition as well as private documents. It can be noticed that the oil contracts that are with government are not traditionally involved in public instruments. Rather, it takes place with the enactment of laws pertaining to the negotiable issues (Mitchell and Mitchell, 2014). If there is lack of transparency as well as availability, then it is difficult to judge the fairness of a nation related to objectivity. The negotiator, here, has to rely on his experience, judgment that may be lacking, if incomplete information is provided to them. A benchmark can be set by the economist that helps in understanding the position of the negotiator that further includes oil production at national as well as export data made available for future references. Contractual provisions There is extensive negotiation that takes place in the provision act, irrespective of any contract form that is selected (Paik, 2012). The most important concept in the contract is basically the compensation that is to be received by viewing at the factors by the government. The contract clauses include those issues that are related to compensation, and these are oil prices, tax regime details, plans on development and the other costs and expenses. Oil price- Compensation on host government is in the form of taxes, arrangements in profit sharing, royalties, as well as agreement on contractual issues that basically affect the selling pattern of oil prices of a company. But the main challenge is to apply for specific objective at considerable price (Pillar, 2014). The government should never encourage or accept price that are paid in between two or more related companies as the prices are determined by manager of the company on an internal basis and this will not be able to reflect at the market rates in the current scenario. Costs, expenses and taxation- a host government is liable to receive a percentage amount of compensation that does not include royalties, and are basically shows a decrease curve as far as expenses are concerned by the relevant oil company. In a fast growing nation, it can be noticed that skilled accountants are lacking that can handle the tax system in an effective manner and are good at number calculations. Plans on development- The government faces a challenge to increase the need of rents in order to maximize in exploration as well as development that are essential in fields (Popli, Rodgers and Eveloy, 2013). If the government faces too high in the intake, then an oil company will not be able to continue in order to develop in a particular track. If the agreement is well structured, then it will be easy to provide for any of the losses or termination that will help in the development process. Health and environment- The oil business is considered to be a dirty business because it directly affects the health of the workers as well as local communities that are directly having a relationship in the disputed oil industry (Ramos and Veiga, 2011). Environment is also affected by way of escaped gases, spills as well as explosions. It can be also stated that the oil companies do not hold any local legislation that directly impact the compliance cost. The workers should be provided special training on health and safety so that they do not get harmed while working in the organization. Special protection should be given like gloves, helmet so that they can protect themselves because getting into accident not only affects the workers but also the family at the same time. Oil and gas companies actually are a reason to pollute the environment because of the gas emissions from chimneys that directly harm the health of the local communities. Stabilization- A specific stability law should be enforced that will include certainty of commitment as well as planning of different types of investment issues. The changes made annually as well as periodically in the tax rate can directly increase in the risk as well as uncertainty (Sigman et al. 2013). Still, most of the developing nations are facing an issue with the legislative as well as institutional system. Social projects- Most of the oil companies sometimes have to undergo negotiation that they indulge in social projects so that they proved to be good citizen. The social projects includes, building of schools, hospitals, playgrounds. If this project is undertaken, then it will be a reason of public spirited as well as gaining an honorable position (Sun and Lee, 2013). The government should aim at maximizing the compensation, rather charity that will help in execution of oil contracts in an effective manner. Oil contract parties- The oil companies mostly operate on the basis of special purpose that will include limited capitalization as well as no technical expertise is encouraged. Money as well as skills is usually present with the parent companies and other responsible business entities on the basis of various subsidiaries (Warneke et al. 2014). Therefore, if a contract on oil is not given the permission on subsidiary parent company, then there will be no protection for the parent company. There will be no varied assurance as well as performance will be curtailed that will affect the goodwill of the oil company as a whole. Termination- The provision on termination includes the ultimate possibility on various development rights that will help in recognition of various rights. If the termination is proved to be ineffective, then the government can deny the provision of acting as a tool (Yusuf et al. 2014). This will ensure a direct compliance with the oil contract as because there may be repeated failure with the developmental issues for specified period of time. Conclusion With the increase in the global competition, acquisition of energy resources are controlled that mainly includes oil companies. There is no way that the oil producing nations can determine as they are treated fairly or not. If the oil companies make ways in building the trust factor, then there is a possibility that they can get a fair treatment by the government. Mutual trust and understanding will help in building long term partnership that will become a competitive advantage top the specific oil company, and therefore they can be easily recognized as a multinational corporation. So, efforts must be made to play a fair game that will make them sustain in the market as well as get over all the negotiation as far as possible. Reference List Cramb, R. A. (2013). Palmed off: incentive problems with joint-venture schemes for oil palm development on customary land.World Development,43, 84-99. Dale, C., Osegowitsch, T., and Collinson, S. (2014). 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